Georgia History

Georgia History

Georgia State Information	Georgian Cuisine
State of Georgia Information	Georgian International Rankings
Georgia State History	Public Holidays in Georgia
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic Information	Georgia State Symbols
Georgian Armed (Military) Forces	Georgia State Images
Economy of Georgia	Georgian Salads

Georgia State Information

Motto: Dzala ertobashia (English: "Strength is in Unity"
Anthem: Tavisupleba (English: "Freedom"
Georgia State Capital (and largest city)		Tbilisi 41°43′N 44°47′E
Georgia State Official Language(s)		Georgian
Georgia State Ethnic Groups		83.8% Georgian, 6.0% Azeri, 5.2% Armenian, 1.5% Russian, 3.5% other
Georgia State Demonym		Georgian
Georgia State Government		Unitary semi-presidential republic
-	Georgia State President	Mikheil Saakashvili
-	Georgia State Prime Minister	Nikoloz Gilauri
Georgia State Formation
-	Kingdom of Georgia	1008
-	Democratic Republic of Georgia	May 26, 1918
-	Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic	February 25, 1921
-	Independence from the Soviet Union Declared Finalized	April 9, 1991 December 25, 1991
Georgia State Area
-	Total	69,700 km2 (120th) 26,916 sq mi
Georgia State Population
-	2010 estimate	4,636,400(Statistics Georgia) (118nd)
-	Georgia State Density	65.1/km2 (128th) 158.2/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2010 estimate
-	Total	$21.426 billion
-	Per capita	$4,882
GDP (nominal)		2010 estimate
-	Total	$10.896 billion
-	Per capita	$2,482
HDI (2007)		▲ 0.778 (medium) (89th)
Georgia State Currency		Lari (ლ) (GEL)
Georgia State Time Zone		UTC (UTC+4)
-	Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+4)
Drives on the		Right
Internet TLD		.ge
Georgia State Calling Code		995

State of Georgia Information

Georgia Official Llanguage(s)	English
Georgia Demonym	Georgian
Georgia Capital	Atlanta
Georgia Largest City	Atlanta
Georgia Largest Metro Area	Atlanta metro area
Georgia Area	Ranked 24th in the US
- Total	59,425 sq mi (153,909 km2)
- Width	230 miles (370 km)
- Length	298 miles (480 km)
- % water	2.6
- Latitude	30.356 - 34.985° N
- Longitude	80.840 - 85.605° W
Georgia Population	Ranked 9th in the US
- Total	9,829,211 (2009 est.) 8,186,453 (2000)
- Density	141.4/sq mi  (54.59/km2) Ranked 18th in the US
- Median income	$50,861 (23rd)
Georgia Elevation
- Highest point	Brasstown Bald 4,784 ft  (1,458 m)
- Mean	591 ft  (180 m)
- Lowest point	Atlantic Ocean 0 ft  (0 m)
Georgia Before Statehood	Province of Georgia
Georgia Admission to Union	January 2, 1788 (4th)
Georgia Governor	Sonny Perdue (R)
Georgia Lieutenant Governor	Casey Cagle (R)
Georgia Legislature	General Assembly
- Upper house	State Senate
- Lower house	House of Representatives
U.S. Senators	Saxby Chambliss (R) Johnny Isakson (R)
U.S. House delegation	7 Republicans, 6 Democrats
Georgia Time zone	Eastern: UTC-5/-4
Georgia Abbreviations	GA US-GA
Georgia Website	http://www.georgia.gov

Georgia State History

Ancient History

Middle Palaeolithic caves situated along the length of the Black Sea Coast of Georgia confirms the existence of native folks which existed there somewhere between 100,000 to 50,000 B.C. An archaeological research done on a large scale confirms the presence of a blooming Neolithic civilization in Georgia in the fifth and fourth millennia B.C. This phase of time is characterised by an extremely civilised tradition. At the conclusion of the second and the commencement of the first millennium B.C., two main tribal aggregations were originated: the Diakhi (Taokhi, Tao) and the Qolha (Colchis). The riches and influence of Colchis are still mirrored in the antique Greek legends of the Argonauts. Their aggregation fell to pieces somewhere in 8th century B.C. During the 8th to 7th centuries B.C., the Karts, Mengrels, Chans and Svans emerged on the top in the midst of the Georgian tribes. The developed economy and good geological and weather settings caught the attentions of the Greeks; and subsequently they occupied the Black Sea coast, establishing their colonies.  At the same time, there was rigorous amalgamation of strengths of the Kartlian ethnic group mostly occupying the eastern and the southern Georgia.

Medieval History

Christianity commenced to find its place in Georgia from the 1st century, and turned out to be state religion of Kartli in the 330s and approximately in the similar phase of time it flourished in West Georgia also. This indicated towards an adjustment with regard to the Rome and the Byzantium that would be an important aspect in the development of the national traditions and ethics. During the 400s, 30 nobles were in Kartli. The head of an anti-Iranian fight, King of Kartli, Vakhtang Gorgasali reinforced the Kartlian church by turning it into auto cephalic. Christianity wiped out the aged Georgian writings and started to generate writings of its own, more often than not the paraphrases of Georgian texts.

As a result of this there was a mutiny in the Georgia and Georgians vigorously contributed to the radical proceedings of 1905-1907.

Modern History

On October 25 1917, the Bolsheviks demonstrated an overthrow in Russia and recognized Soviet power. The most important political parties of the Transcaucasus declined to acknowledge the new authority and on November 17, established a home administration known as the Transcaucasian Commissariat. Quickly the Transcaucasian Federation was recognized, but it was ephemeral. On May 26, 1918, the National Council of Georgia affirmed Georgia’s sovereignty. The most important political parties back then, was the Social Democratic (Menshevik) party, which had a greater part in the administration. Subsequent to the first year of financial and political obstructions, the state of affairs in Georgia turned into more steady, revolutions stopped and the global disagreements were fixed. The Bolsheviks were unsuccessful in aggravating the populace to revolt. Soviet Russia and Georgia entered into a pact on May 7, 1920, as per the terms of which Russia acknowledged the autonomy and dominion of the Georgian Democratic Republic. Free Georgia developed tougher and stronger, and it appeared that expectations of Georgian populace were after a long wait to be recognized but the Bolsheviks were, by now, at the boundaries of Georgia. Subsequent to the supposed Sovietization of Azerbaijan and Armenia in February of 1921, the Bolshevik military marched into Georgia.

Under Communist domination, the stressed country once more developed into the kingdom under alien authority. In 1924, subsequent to a planned rebellion led by Georgian Mensheviks, over 5,000 nationalists were put to death. Regardless of the truth that Stalin and his leader of underground police, Beria, were Georgians, the Georgian populace was offered no official pardon under their harsh government. Three-hundred thousand Georgian armed men were chopped down in the Second World War. But secretly, the efforts for sovereignty never discontinued. This fight acquired the shape of a general nationwide freedom revolt and fetched triumph in the form of independence to nationalistic forces. In 1990, multi party votes were conducted and, on the 9th of April, Parliament affirmed the sovereignty of Georgia. In the spirits of anti-Communist feelings the well known rebel of the Breshnev time, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, was chosen as president. But he was not capable to govern the nation at that vital point of time. Even though he was himself a sufferer of totalitarianism, as a leader he attempted to put up a biased totalitarian government. His impulsive foreign policy, more or less, totally cut off Georgia from the rest of the world. There was no desire or ability on his part to uphold a discussion with the rising opposition.

During the winters of 1991-1992, an armed revolt by the opposition made it vital for Gamsakhurdia to depart from Georgia. Incapable to manage with many global, financial and other national troubles the rebel Military Council established a State Council asking Eduard Shevardnadze, the ex-secretary of the Georgia Communist Party and ex- Soviet Foreign Minister to come up. He was famous for his political insights, personal bravery and guts and global fame. In July 1992, Georgia joined as the 179th associate of the United Nations. Eduard Shevardnadze attained a mind blowing majority of vote in the voting that was carried out in October of 1992, and was acknowledged as the chairman of the Parliament of the Republic of Georgia. On August 24, 1995, an updated Constitution was accepted. On November 5, 1995, presidential voting were conducted Georgia. On November 26, Eduard Shevardnadze was chosen as the President of Georgia.

Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic Information

Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
1921–1991
Capital	Tbilisi
Official language	Georgian, Russian, Abkhaz (in the Abkhazian ASSR) and Ossetic (in the South Ossetian AO)
Established In the Soviet Union:  - Since  - Until	February 25, 1921 December 30, 1922 December 26, 1991
Area  - Total  - Water (%)	Ranked 10th in the USSR 69,700 km² negligible
Population  - Total   - Density	Ranked 9th in the USSR 5,337,600 (1989) 62.2/km²
Time zone	UTC + 3
Anthem	Anthem of Georgian SSR
Medals	Order of Lenin

Georgian Armed (Military) Forces

Georgian Armed Forces
Founded	Early 1990s
Current form	1991
Service branches	Georgian Land Forces Georgian National Guard
Headquarters	Tbilisi
Leadership
Supreme Commander-in-chief	President Mikheil Saakashvili
Minister of Defense	Bacho Akhalaia
Chief of Joint Staff	Major General Devi Chankotadze
Manpower
Military age	18-35 years old
Conscription	18 years of age, 18 months
Available for military service	1,038,736, age 18-49 (2007 est.)
Fit for military service	827,281, age 18-49  (2007 est.)
Reaching military age annually	36,000 (2007 est.)
Active personnel	36,553
Reserve personnel	100,000
Deployed personnel	926
Expenditures
Budget	871,228,000 GEL (2010)
Percent of GDP	4% (2010)
Industry
Domestic suppliers	Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing
Foreign suppliers	United States  Israel  Turkey  Czech Republic  Germany  United Kingdom  Ukraine  Poland  Bulgaria  Hungary  Greece  Latvia  France  Romania  Lithuania  Estonia  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Serbia
Related Articles
History	Russian-Georgian War 2008 War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) 1991–1992 South Ossetia War Georgia Civil War Russian-Georgian War 1921
Ranks	Georgian military ranks

Economy of Georgia

Economy of Georgia
Currency	1 Georgian lari (GEL) = 100 tetri
Fiscal Year	1 January - 31 December
Trade Organisations	WTO, GUAM and others
Georgia Statistics
GDP	$20.75 billion (2009 est.)
GDP Growth	-4.9% (2009 est.) 7.9% (2004-2008 average)
GDP per Capita	$4,500 (2009 est.) (PPP) (149th)
GDP by Sector	agriculture: 12.1%; industry: 25.9%; services: 62% (2009 est.)
Inflation (CPI)	3% (2009 est.)
Population below Poverty Line	31% (2006)
Gini Index	40.8 (2005)
Labour Force	1.991 million (2009 est.)
Labour Force by Occupation	agriculture: 55.6%; industry: 8.9%; services: 35.5% (2006 est.)
Unemployment	16.9% (2009 est.)
Main Industries	steel, aircraft, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese and copper), chemicals, wood products, wine
External
Exports	$1.134 billion (2009 est.)
Export Goods	scrap metal, wine, mineral water, ores, vehicles, fruits and nuts
Main Export Partners	Turkey 19.9%, Azerbaijan 14.6%, Canada 10.3%, Armenia 7.8%, Ukraine 7.3%Bulgaria 7.2% (2009)
Imports	$4.378 billion (2009 est.)
Import Goods	fuels, vehicles, machinery and parts, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals
Main Import Partners	Turkey 17.9%, Ukraine 9.5%, Azerbaijan 8.6%, Germany 6.8%, Russia 6.6%, US 5.1% (2009)
FDI Stock	$759 million (2009 est.)
Gross External Debt	$7.711 billion (31 December 2008)
Public Finances
Public Debt	34.4% of GDP (2009)
Revenues	$4.917 billion (2009 est.)
Expenses	$5.726 billion (2009 est.)
Economic Aid	ODA $309.8 million (2005 est.)
Foreign Reserves	$1.08 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Georgian Cuisine

Georgian Appetizers

• Muzhuzhi
• Khachapuri
• Lobiani
• Kutchmatchi
• Pkhaleuli
• Abkhazura
• Tsotskhali
• Satsivi
• Lobio
• Nadughi
• Matsoni
• Badrijani Nigvzit
• Ajapsandali
• Kupati
• Soko
• Ispanakhi
• Jonjoli
• Mtchadi
• Tarti
• Khizilala- Caviar.

Georgian Salads

• Katmis
• Tevzis
• Kvertskhis
• Kiborchkhalis
• Sagazapkhulo
• Khakhvis
• Lobios
• Tcharkhlis
• Kartophilis
• Satatsuris
• Staphilos
• Kombostos
• Sokos
• Ispanakhis
• Kitris
• Tarkhunis
• Khilis
• Boloki tcharkhlit
• Kombosto vashlit
• Ispanakhi Matsvnit
• Tcharkhali vashlit

Georgian Soups

Balbis Nivris Matsvnis Pomidvris Mukhudos Satatsuris

Kharcho Arjakelis Shindis Dos Gogris Domkhlis

Bostneulis Sokos Ispanakhis Qvelis Puris Kharsho Chikhirtma

Katmis Staphilos Makhokhis Lobios Gholos

Georgian Vegetables

Sazapkhulo Tolma Lobiani Lobio Nigvzit Mtsvane Lobio

Soko Naghebit Badrijani Brinjit Kartopili Nigvzit Kartopili Kvartskhit

Badrijani Nigvzit Ajapsandali Badrijani Mtsvanilit Kombosto Nigvzit

Soko Ispanakhi Ispanakhi Kvertskhit Badrijnis Borani

Satatsuri Nigvzit Badrijnis Khizilala Ekala Nigvzit Gogris Guphta

Georgian Fish

Tarti Tetri ghvinit Shemtsvari Tarti Tsvera Nigvzit da Brotseulit Loko Kindzmatshi Tsotskhali

Tevzi Bazheshi Loko Tsiteli Ghvinit Kephali Shebolili Kephali

Zutkhi Shemtsvari Zutkhis Mtsvadi Zutkhi Kaklis photolshi Tevzi Pamidvrit

Kalmakhi Tarkhunit Kibo Mokharshuli Kibo Kindzit Kibo Tetri Ghvinit

Khizilala Chakhokhbili Oraguli Oraguli Nigvzit Kobri Nigvzit da Brotseulit

Georgian Poultry

Tabaka Chkhmeruli Chakhokhbili Kutchmatchi

Tsitsila Shindit Tsitsila Abkhazurd Satsivi Chikhirtma

Ikhvis Chakhokhbili Ikhvi Komshit Bati Shavi kliavit Indauris garo

Ikhvi Bostneulit Katami Brinjit Katami Gatenili Kuch-gvidzlit Satsivi Kvertskhit

Katmis Mkhali Katami Nivrit Shemtsvari Indauri

Georgian Meat

Muzhuzhi Betchi Kutchmatchi Abkhazura Ku Lori Chakapuli

Kababi Mtsvadi Basturma Guphta Shemtsvari Gotchi Qaurma

Khashlama Tolma Jonjoli Khinkali Mokharshuli Gotchi

Chanakhi Shilaplavi Mokharshuli ena Dzekhvi

Georgian Desserts

Churchkhela Gozinaki Phelamushi Kada Nazuki

Paska Vashlis Namtskhvari Alublis Ghvezeli Pakhlava (Baklava) Taphlis kveri

Vardis Muraba Kaklis Muraba Alublis Muraba Komshis Muraba Sazamtros Muraba

Martqvis Torti Shakarlama Tkhilit Nigvziani Kishmishiani Phenovani

Qaviani Shokoladiani Khilis Torti Nigvzis Torti

Georgian International Rankings

Organization	Survey	Ranking
Institute for Economics and Peace	Global Peace Index	134 out of 144
United Nations Development Programme	Human Development Index	89 out of 182
Transparency International	Corruption Perceptions Index	66 out of 180
World Economic Forum	Global Competitiveness Report	90 out of 133

Public Holidays in Georgia

Date	English name
January 1	New Year's Day
January 7	Orthodox Christmas
January 19	Baptism Day of our Lord Jesus Christ
March 3	Mother's Day
March 8	International Women's Day
April 9	Day of National Unity
Moveable	Orthodox Good Friday, Great Saturday, Easter Sunday and Easter Monday of Bright Week
May 9	Day of Victory over Fascism
May 12	Saint Andrea the First Day
May 26	Independence Day
August 28	Saint Mary's Day
October 14	Day of Svetitskhoveli Cathedral (in Mtskheta)
November 23	Saint George's Day

Georgia State Symbols

Amphibian	Green Tree Frog
Art Museum	Georgia Museum of Art
Atlas	Atlas of Georgia
Ballet	Atlanta Ballet
Beef Cook Off	"Shoot the Bull"
Bird	Brown Thrasher
Botanical Garden	The State Botanical Garden of Georgia
Butterfly	Tiger Swallowtail
Commemorative Plates	Georgia Historical Plates
Creed	Georgian's Creed
Crop	Peanut
Fish	Largemouth Bass
Flag	State Flag
Flower	Cherokee Rose
Folk Dance	Square Dancing
Folk Festival	The Georgia Folk Festival
Folk Life Play	"Swamp Gravy"
Fossil	Shark Tooth
Fruit	Peach
Game Bird	Bobwhite Quail
Gem	Quartz
Historic Drama	"The Reach of Song"
Insect	Honeybee
Marine Mammal	Right Whale
Mineral	Staurolite
Motto	"Wisdom, Justice & Moderation"
Musical Theatre	"Jekyll Island Musical Theatre Festival"
Peanut Monument	Turner County Peanut Monument
Poet Laureate	David Bottoms
Pork Cook Off	"Slosheye Trail Big Pig Jig"
'Possum	Pogo 'Possum
Poultry	"The Poultry Capitol of the World"
Prepared Food	Grits
Railroad Museum	Historic Railroad Shops
Reptile	Gopher Tortoise
School	Plains High School
Seal	Great Seal
Seashell	Knobbed Whelk
Song	"Georgia on My Mind"
Tartan	Georgia Tartan
Theatre	The Springer Opera House
Tree	Live Oak
Transportation History Museum	Southeastern Railway Museum
Vegetable	Vidalia Sweet Onion
Waltz	"Our Georgia"
Wildflower	Azalea