Georgia History
Georgia History
Georgia State Information
| Motto: Dzala ertobashia (English: "Strength is in Unity" |
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| Anthem: Tavisupleba (English: "Freedom" |
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| Georgia State Capital (and largest city) |
Tbilisi 41°43′N 44°47′E |
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| Georgia State Official Language(s) | Georgian | |
| Georgia State Ethnic Groups | 83.8% Georgian, 6.0% Azeri, 5.2% Armenian, 1.5% Russian, 3.5% other | |
| Georgia State Demonym | Georgian | |
| Georgia State Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic | |
| - | Georgia State President | Mikheil Saakashvili |
| - | Georgia State Prime Minister | Nikoloz Gilauri |
| Georgia State Formation | ||
|---|---|---|
| - | Kingdom of Georgia | 1008 |
| - | Democratic Republic of Georgia | May 26, 1918 |
| - | Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic | February 25, 1921 |
| - | Independence from the Soviet Union Declared Finalized |
April 9, 1991 December 25, 1991 |
| Georgia State Area | ||
| - | Total | 69,700 km2 (120th) 26,916 sq mi |
| Georgia State Population | ||
| - | 2010 estimate | 4,636,400(Statistics Georgia) (118nd) |
| - | Georgia State Density | 65.1/km2 (128th) 158.2/sq mi |
| GDP (PPP) | 2010 estimate | |
| - | Total | $21.426 billion |
| - | Per capita | $4,882 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2010 estimate | |
| - | Total | $10.896 billion |
| - | Per capita | $2,482 |
| HDI (2007) | ▲ 0.778 (medium) (89th) | |
| Georgia State Currency | Lari (ლ) (GEL) | |
| Georgia State Time Zone | UTC (UTC+4) | |
| - | Summer (DST) | not observed (UTC+4) |
| Drives on the | Right | |
| Internet TLD | .ge | |
| Georgia State Calling Code | 995 | |
State of Georgia Information
| Georgia Official Llanguage(s) | English |
| Georgia Demonym | Georgian |
| Georgia Capital | Atlanta |
| Georgia Largest City | Atlanta |
| Georgia Largest Metro Area | Atlanta metro area |
| Georgia Area | Ranked 24th in the US |
| - Total | 59,425 sq mi (153,909 km2) |
| - Width | 230 miles (370 km) |
| - Length | 298 miles (480 km) |
| - % water | 2.6 |
| - Latitude | 30.356 - 34.985° N |
| - Longitude | 80.840 - 85.605° W |
| Georgia Population | Ranked 9th in the US |
| - Total | 9,829,211 (2009 est.) 8,186,453 (2000) |
| - Density | 141.4/sq mi (54.59/km2) Ranked 18th in the US |
| - Median income | $50,861 (23rd) |
| Georgia Elevation | |
| - Highest point | Brasstown Bald 4,784 ft (1,458 m) |
| - Mean | 591 ft (180 m) |
| - Lowest point | Atlantic Ocean 0 ft (0 m) |
| Georgia Before Statehood | Province of Georgia |
| Georgia Admission to Union | January 2, 1788 (4th) |
| Georgia Governor | Sonny Perdue (R) |
| Georgia Lieutenant Governor | Casey Cagle (R) |
| Georgia Legislature | General Assembly |
| - Upper house | State Senate |
| - Lower house | House of Representatives |
| U.S. Senators | Saxby Chambliss (R) Johnny Isakson (R) |
| U.S. House delegation | 7 Republicans, 6 Democrats |
| Georgia Time zone | Eastern: UTC-5/-4 |
| Georgia Abbreviations | GA US-GA |
| Georgia Website | http://www.georgia.gov |
Georgia State History
Ancient History
Middle Palaeolithic caves situated along the length of the Black Sea Coast of Georgia confirms the existence of native folks which existed there somewhere between 100,000 to 50,000 B.C. An archaeological research done on a large scale confirms the presence of a blooming Neolithic civilization in Georgia in the fifth and fourth millennia B.C. This phase of time is characterised by an extremely civilised tradition. At the conclusion of the second and the commencement of the first millennium B.C., two main tribal aggregations were originated: the Diakhi (Taokhi, Tao) and the Qolha (Colchis). The riches and influence of Colchis are still mirrored in the antique Greek legends of the Argonauts. Their aggregation fell to pieces somewhere in 8th century B.C. During the 8th to 7th centuries B.C., the Karts, Mengrels, Chans and Svans emerged on the top in the midst of the Georgian tribes. The developed economy and good geological and weather settings caught the attentions of the Greeks; and subsequently they occupied the Black Sea coast, establishing their colonies. At the same time, there was rigorous amalgamation of strengths of the Kartlian ethnic group mostly occupying the eastern and the southern Georgia.
Medieval History
Christianity commenced to find its place in Georgia from the 1st century, and turned out to be state religion of Kartli in the 330s and approximately in the similar phase of time it flourished in West Georgia also. This indicated towards an adjustment with regard to the Rome and the Byzantium that would be an important aspect in the development of the national traditions and ethics. During the 400s, 30 nobles were in Kartli. The head of an anti-Iranian fight, King of Kartli, Vakhtang Gorgasali reinforced the Kartlian church by turning it into auto cephalic. Christianity wiped out the aged Georgian writings and started to generate writings of its own, more often than not the paraphrases of Georgian texts.
As a result of this there was a mutiny in the Georgia and Georgians vigorously contributed to the radical proceedings of 1905-1907.
Modern History
On October 25 1917, the Bolsheviks demonstrated an overthrow in Russia and recognized Soviet power. The most important political parties of the Transcaucasus declined to acknowledge the new authority and on November 17, established a home administration known as the Transcaucasian Commissariat. Quickly the Transcaucasian Federation was recognized, but it was ephemeral. On May 26, 1918, the National Council of Georgia affirmed Georgia’s sovereignty. The most important political parties back then, was the Social Democratic (Menshevik) party, which had a greater part in the administration. Subsequent to the first year of financial and political obstructions, the state of affairs in Georgia turned into more steady, revolutions stopped and the global disagreements were fixed. The Bolsheviks were unsuccessful in aggravating the populace to revolt. Soviet Russia and Georgia entered into a pact on May 7, 1920, as per the terms of which Russia acknowledged the autonomy and dominion of the Georgian Democratic Republic. Free Georgia developed tougher and stronger, and it appeared that expectations of Georgian populace were after a long wait to be recognized but the Bolsheviks were, by now, at the boundaries of Georgia. Subsequent to the supposed Sovietization of Azerbaijan and Armenia in February of 1921, the Bolshevik military marched into Georgia.
Under Communist domination, the stressed country once more developed into the kingdom under alien authority. In 1924, subsequent to a planned rebellion led by Georgian Mensheviks, over 5,000 nationalists were put to death. Regardless of the truth that Stalin and his leader of underground police, Beria, were Georgians, the Georgian populace was offered no official pardon under their harsh government. Three-hundred thousand Georgian armed men were chopped down in the Second World War. But secretly, the efforts for sovereignty never discontinued. This fight acquired the shape of a general nationwide freedom revolt and fetched triumph in the form of independence to nationalistic forces. In 1990, multi party votes were conducted and, on the 9th of April, Parliament affirmed the sovereignty of Georgia. In the spirits of anti-Communist feelings the well known rebel of the Breshnev time, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, was chosen as president. But he was not capable to govern the nation at that vital point of time. Even though he was himself a sufferer of totalitarianism, as a leader he attempted to put up a biased totalitarian government. His impulsive foreign policy, more or less, totally cut off Georgia from the rest of the world. There was no desire or ability on his part to uphold a discussion with the rising opposition.
During the winters of 1991-1992, an armed revolt by the opposition made it vital for Gamsakhurdia to depart from Georgia. Incapable to manage with many global, financial and other national troubles the rebel Military Council established a State Council asking Eduard Shevardnadze, the ex-secretary of the Georgia Communist Party and ex- Soviet Foreign Minister to come up. He was famous for his political insights, personal bravery and guts and global fame. In July 1992, Georgia joined as the 179th associate of the United Nations. Eduard Shevardnadze attained a mind blowing majority of vote in the voting that was carried out in October of 1992, and was acknowledged as the chairman of the Parliament of the Republic of Georgia. On August 24, 1995, an updated Constitution was accepted. On November 5, 1995, presidential voting were conducted Georgia. On November 26, Eduard Shevardnadze was chosen as the President of Georgia.
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic Information
| Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic | |
| 1921–1991 | |
| Capital | Tbilisi |
| Official language | Georgian, Russian, Abkhaz (in the Abkhazian ASSR) and Ossetic (in the South Ossetian AO) |
| Established In the Soviet Union: - Since - Until |
February 25, 1921 December 30, 1922 December 26, 1991 |
| Area - Total - Water (%) |
Ranked 10th in the USSR 69,700 km² negligible |
| Population - Total - Density |
Ranked 9th in the USSR 5,337,600 (1989) 62.2/km² |
| Time zone | UTC + 3 |
| Anthem | Anthem of Georgian SSR |
| Medals | Order of Lenin |
Georgian Armed (Military) Forces
| Georgian Armed Forces | |
|---|---|
| Founded | Early 1990s |
| Current form | 1991 |
| Service branches |
Georgian Land Forces Georgian National Guard |
| Headquarters | Tbilisi |
| Leadership | |
| Supreme Commander-in-chief | President Mikheil Saakashvili |
| Minister of Defense | Bacho Akhalaia |
| Chief of Joint Staff | Major General Devi Chankotadze |
| Manpower | |
| Military age | 18-35 years old |
| Conscription | 18 years of age, 18 months |
| Available for military service |
1,038,736, age 18-49 (2007 est.) |
| Fit for military service |
827,281, age 18-49 (2007 est.) |
| Reaching military age annually |
36,000 (2007 est.) |
| Active personnel | 36,553 |
| Reserve personnel | 100,000 |
| Deployed personnel | 926 |
| Expenditures | |
| Budget | 871,228,000 GEL (2010) |
| Percent of GDP | 4% (2010) |
| Industry | |
| Domestic suppliers | Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing |
| Foreign suppliers | United States Israel Turkey Czech Republic Germany United Kingdom Ukraine Poland Bulgaria Hungary Greece Latvia France Romania Lithuania Estonia Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbia |
| Related Articles | |
| History | Russian-Georgian War 2008 War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) 1991–1992 South Ossetia War Georgia Civil War Russian-Georgian War 1921 |
| Ranks | Georgian military ranks |
Economy of Georgia
| Economy of Georgia | |
|---|---|
| Currency | 1 Georgian lari (GEL) = 100 tetri |
| Fiscal Year | 1 January - 31 December |
| Trade Organisations | WTO, GUAM and others |
| Georgia Statistics | |
| GDP | $20.75 billion (2009 est.) |
| GDP Growth | -4.9% (2009 est.) 7.9% (2004-2008 average) |
| GDP per Capita | $4,500 (2009 est.) (PPP) (149th) |
| GDP by Sector | agriculture: 12.1%; industry: 25.9%; services: 62% (2009 est.) |
| Inflation (CPI) | 3% (2009 est.) |
| Population below Poverty Line |
31% (2006) |
| Gini Index | 40.8 (2005) |
| Labour Force | 1.991 million (2009 est.) |
| Labour Force by Occupation |
agriculture: 55.6%; industry: 8.9%; services: 35.5% (2006 est.) |
| Unemployment | 16.9% (2009 est.) |
| Main Industries | steel, aircraft, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese and copper), chemicals, wood products, wine |
| External | |
| Exports | $1.134 billion (2009 est.) |
| Export Goods | scrap metal, wine, mineral water, ores, vehicles, fruits and nuts |
| Main Export Partners | Turkey 19.9%, Azerbaijan 14.6%, Canada 10.3%, Armenia 7.8%, Ukraine 7.3%Bulgaria 7.2% (2009) |
| Imports | $4.378 billion (2009 est.) |
| Import Goods | fuels, vehicles, machinery and parts, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals |
| Main Import Partners | Turkey 17.9%, Ukraine 9.5%, Azerbaijan 8.6%, Germany 6.8%, Russia 6.6%, US 5.1% (2009) |
| FDI Stock | $759 million (2009 est.) |
| Gross External Debt | $7.711 billion (31 December 2008) |
| Public Finances | |
| Public Debt | 34.4% of GDP (2009) |
| Revenues | $4.917 billion (2009 est.) |
| Expenses | $5.726 billion (2009 est.) |
| Economic Aid | ODA $309.8 million (2005 est.) |
| Foreign Reserves | $1.08 billion (31 December 2009 est.) |
Georgian Cuisine
Georgian Appetizers
- Muzhuzhi
- Khachapuri
- Lobiani
- Kutchmatchi
- Pkhaleuli
- Abkhazura
- Tsotskhali
- Satsivi
- Lobio
- Nadughi
- Matsoni
- Badrijani Nigvzit
- Ajapsandali
- Kupati
- Soko
- Ispanakhi
- Jonjoli
- Mtchadi
- Tarti
- Khizilala- Caviar.
Georgian Salads
- Katmis
- Tevzis
- Kvertskhis
- Kiborchkhalis
- Sagazapkhulo
- Khakhvis
- Lobios
- Tcharkhlis
- Kartophilis
- Satatsuris
- Staphilos
- Kombostos
- Sokos
- Ispanakhis
- Kitris
- Tarkhunis
- Khilis
- Boloki tcharkhlit
- Kombosto vashlit
- Ispanakhi Matsvnit
- Tcharkhali vashlit
Georgian Soups
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Georgian Vegetables
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Georgian Fish
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Georgian Poultry
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Georgian Meat
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Georgian Desserts
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Georgian International Rankings
| Organization | Survey | Ranking |
|---|---|---|
| Institute for Economics and Peace | Global Peace Index | 134 out of 144 |
| United Nations Development Programme | Human Development Index | 89 out of 182 |
| Transparency International | Corruption Perceptions Index | 66 out of 180 |
| World Economic Forum | Global Competitiveness Report | 90 out of 133 |
Public Holidays in Georgia
| Date | English name |
|---|---|
| January 1 | New Year's Day |
| January 7 | Orthodox Christmas |
| January 19 | Baptism Day of our Lord Jesus Christ |
| March 3 | Mother's Day |
| March 8 | International Women's Day |
| April 9 | Day of National Unity |
| Moveable | Orthodox Good Friday, Great Saturday, Easter Sunday and Easter Monday of Bright Week |
| May 9 | Day of Victory over Fascism |
| May 12 | Saint Andrea the First Day |
| May 26 | Independence Day |
| August 28 | Saint Mary's Day |
| October 14 | Day of Svetitskhoveli Cathedral (in Mtskheta) |
| November 23 | Saint George's Day |
Georgia State Symbols
| Amphibian | Green Tree Frog |
| Art Museum | Georgia Museum of Art |
| Atlas | Atlas of Georgia |
| Ballet | Atlanta Ballet |
| Beef Cook Off | "Shoot the Bull" |
| Bird | Brown Thrasher |
| Botanical Garden | The State Botanical Garden of Georgia |
| Butterfly | Tiger Swallowtail |
| Commemorative Plates | Georgia Historical Plates |
| Creed | Georgian's Creed |
| Crop | Peanut |
| Fish | Largemouth Bass |
| Flag | State Flag |
| Flower | Cherokee Rose |
| Folk Dance | Square Dancing |
| Folk Festival | The Georgia Folk Festival |
| Folk Life Play | "Swamp Gravy" |
| Fossil | Shark Tooth |
| Fruit | Peach |
| Game Bird | Bobwhite Quail |
| Gem | Quartz |
| Historic Drama | "The Reach of Song" |
| Insect | Honeybee |
| Marine Mammal | Right Whale |
| Mineral | Staurolite |
| Motto | "Wisdom, Justice & Moderation" |
| Musical Theatre | "Jekyll Island Musical Theatre Festival" |
| Peanut Monument | Turner County Peanut Monument |
| Poet Laureate | David Bottoms |
| Pork Cook Off | "Slosheye Trail Big Pig Jig" |
| 'Possum | Pogo 'Possum |
| Poultry | "The Poultry Capitol of the World" |
| Prepared Food | Grits |
| Railroad Museum | Historic Railroad Shops |
| Reptile | Gopher Tortoise |
| School | Plains High School |
| Seal | Great Seal |
| Seashell | Knobbed Whelk |
| Song | "Georgia on My Mind" |
| Tartan | Georgia Tartan |
| Theatre | The Springer Opera House |
| Tree | Live Oak |
| Transportation History Museum | Southeastern Railway Museum |
| Vegetable | Vidalia Sweet Onion |
| Waltz | "Our Georgia" |
| Wildflower | Azalea |
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