Tuesday, July 29, 2008

Disneyland, Disneyland Park, Amusement Park, Disneyland History, Cost of Disneyland Entry

Disneyland is an amusement park that is situated at 1313 South Harbor Boulevard in Anaheim, California, USA. It began the operations on July 17, 1955. The park is possessed and controlled by The Walt Disney Company. Currently the park has been visited by more than 515 million guests since it opened to the public, including presidents, royalty, and other heads of state.
At the start, the park consisted of five themed regions:
  • Main Street, U.S.A., an early 20th century Midwest town
  • Adventureland, with forest adventures
  • Frontierland, demonstrating western frontier
  • Fantasyland, converting dream into a reality
  • Tomorrowland, peeping into the future.
Three extra sectors were supplementary to these initial park areas afterwards:
  • New Orleans Square, based on 19th century New Orleans
  • Mickey's Toontown, based on the Toontown evident in the film Who Framed Roger Rabbit
  • Critter Country, crafted on both to the South in the 19th century and to jungle of the Pacific Northwest.

Olden times of Disneyland

Disneyland Park was opened to the civic on Monday, July 18, 1955. Nevertheless, an unusual "International Press Preview" occasion was held on Sunday, July 17, 1955 which was only for the called visitors and the media. The Special Sunday events, together with the devotion were relayed all over the country and were anchored by three of Walt Disney's associates from Hollywood: Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald Reagan.
The happening did not go easily. The park was jammed as the invitation process was snowed under with fake tickets. All main transportation nearby were crowded. The temperature was a strangely high 101°F and a plumbers’ absence left a lot of of the park's drinking fountains dried out. The tarmac that had been discharged just the night prior was so spongy that ladies' high-heeled shoes sank in. Hawkers fell short of foodstuff. A gas seep out in Fantasyland caused Adventureland, Frontierland, and Fantasyland to shut for the day. Parents were tossing their kids over the shoulders of mob to get them onto trip such as the King Arthur Carrouse.
The park got such awful press for the occasion day that Walt Disney requested members of the journalists back for a private "second day" to watch the proper Disneyland, after which Walt called for a festivity in the Disneyland Hotel for them. Walt and his 1955 managers forever referred to the opening day as "Black Sunday," though July 17 is currently recognized by Disney as the authorized opening day. But approximately for the first ten years, Disney did formally said that opening day was on July 18, counting in the park's own journals.
On Monday, July 18 mob started to assemble in line as early as 2 a.m., and the foremost person to buy a permit and enter the park was David MacPherson with entrance ticket number 2, as Roy Disney prearranged to pre-purchase ticket number 1. Walt Disney had a certified snap taken with two children as an alternative, Christine Vess and Michael Schwartner, and the snapshot of the two hold a subtitle along the lines of "Walt Disney with the first two guests of Disneyland." Vess and Schwartner both got life span passes to Disneyland that day, and MacPherson was awarded one soon thereafter, which was later prolonged to every single Disney-owned park on the globe.

A walk through the Disneyland park

The park is separated into territory, which spread out like the four fundamental points of the compass from Central Plaza, and well concealed offstage regions. The community areas take up just about 85 acres (344,000 m²). After entering the park, one first proceeds down Main Street, U.S.A., to arrive at Central Plaza. At the hub of The Magic Kingdom and instantly North of Central Plaza stands Sleeping Beauty Castle, which offer the entrance to Fantasyland by way of a drawbridge across a moat. Adventureland, Frontierland, and Tomorrowland are lined up on both faces of the castle.
It is at this point, also, where the duality of Disneyland is first experienced. Main Street, Disneyland, U.S.A. gives passage to a magic kingdom where eternal and imaginary characters, settings, and stories come to life in completely immersive and lasting physicality. Disney characters, which welcome visitors, intermingle with children, and pose for snapshot, can be spotted roving in the park. Some characters have definite areas where they are programmed to appear, but also can be found traveling as well.

Cost of Disneyland entry

Disney launched various entry options such as multi-day passes, Annual Passes which allow limitless entry to the Park for an annual fee and Southern California inhabitants' concession.

Labels:

Wednesday, July 23, 2008

EVENTS: War of 1812 – History of 1812 War, US, Britain Situations in 1812 War. Info on Participating Countries in 1812 War.

What is War of 1812?

The War of 1812 was the battle between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Where War of 1812 took place?

The colonies at that time like Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Bermuda were also involved in the conflict.

Evolution in War of 1812

•The war started in 1812 and ended in 1815 through a peace treaty.
•The treaty was signed in 1814.
•The rage of war engulfed, 1,600 British and 2,260 American soldiers.
•Large number of slaves escaped to British because of their offer of freedom.
•Some also fled in the commotion of war.

Initial War of 1812 Situation

•The war was initiated when Britain imposed a number of trade restrictions.
•U.S. disputed those restrictions as illegal under international law.
•Consequently, the United States declared war on Britain on June 18, 1812.
•The reasons of dispute were many including outrage at the recruitment of American sailors into the British navy, aggravation at British restraints on neutral trade, and resentment towards British military support for American Indians who were hostile to the United States.

Stages of War of 1812 in different time

•The outbreak of the war in early years was a fuming diplomatic dispute.
•The UK was occupied by the Napoleonic War.
•Most of the British Army was engaged in the War in Spain.
•So, the Royal Navy was compelled to barricade most of the coast of Europe.
•The large number of British troops was engaged in Canada in 1812.
•It was estimated that almost 6,034, British troops were employed with Canadian militia.
•During the war, the British Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was the Earl of Bathurst.
•In the first two years of the war, only few troops were available to reinforce North America.
•In the last year of the War, large numbers of British soldiers were obtainable after the resignation of Napoleon Bonaparte.
•The British lost the Battle of Plattsburgh in 1812.

US Situation

•The United States was not prepared to fight a war.
•The President Madison thought that the armed forces would easily capture Canada and then they can negotiate.
•But the regular army was only 12,000 men in total.
•So, the expansion of the army was suggested
•The army strength raised to to 35,000 men, but the service was not satisfactory.
•The authority paid poorly to the personals.
•Moreover, only very few were trained and experienced officers.
•The militia was not interested in serving outside their home states.
•So, performed poorly against enemy when outside of their home state.
•The U.S. also faced problems in financing its war.
•It had dispersed its national bank and private bankers were not in favor of war.

Frontiers of war

There were three frontiers of war :
  • The Atlantic Ocean
  • The Great Lakes and the Canadian frontier
  • The Southern States

Britain Situation

•Britain was the most equipped naval powering the world.
•This was proved by its historic win over the French and the Spanish at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
•The Royal Navy employed eighty-five vessels in American waters in the war of 1812.
•In comparison the United States Navy, which was not even twenty years old, had only twenty-two commissioned vessels.
•The capture of the three British frigates made enthused the British to more and more exertions.

Post war Situation

•By 1814 both sides were exhausted due to an expensive war.
•They realized that it would offer nothing but mass destruction.
•So, they fumble their way to a settlement.
•The American war on the whole added around £25 million to the national debt.
•By the year 1814 the American economy was brought to a standstill.
•The credit goes to the Royal Navy's blockade.
•Finally, the US government faced ruin.
•On December 24, 1814 the diplomats from both the countries met in Ghent and signed a treaty called the Treaty of Ghent.
•The treaty was endorsed by the Americans on February 16, 1815.

Letter to the British

The The Duke of Wellington sent the following letter to the British army in North America:
“I confess that I think you have no right, from the state of war, to demand any concession of territory from America... You have not been able to carry it into the enemy's territory, notwithstanding your military success and now undoubted military superiority, and have not even cleared your own territory on the point of attack. You can not on any principle of equality in negotiation claim a cessation of territory except in exchange for other advantages which you have in your power... Then if this reasoning be true, why stipulate for the uti possidetis? You can get no territory: indeed, the state of your military operations, however creditable, does not entitle you to demand any.”

Labels:

EVENTS: Mercury Program - Mercury Project, History of Mercury Program, Mercury Astronaut, Mercury Program Boosters

What is Mercury program?

Mercury program is a “Mercury Project,” the first human spaceflight program of the United States.

History of Mercury program

•Mercury program was operated from 1959 to 1963 and had the mission of putting a man in orbit around the Earth.
•In 1962, The Mercury-Atlas 6 flight was the first Mercury flight to accomplish this goal.
•The planning and research was carried out by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. But the program was conducted by the NASA.
•The Project was named so firstly, because Mercury is a Roman mythological god who is regarded as a symbol of speed.
•Secondly, Mercury is also the name of the innermost planet of the solar system, which rotates faster than any other planet thus providing an image of speed.
•The Mercury spacecraft capsules were of small size.
•It was 1.7 cubic meters in volume, but was spacious enough for the single crew member. There were total 120 controls: 55 electrical switches, 30 fuses and 35 mechanical levers. The spacecraft was designed by Max Faget and supported by the NASA's Space Task Group.
•To safeguard and protect the Mercury spacecraft and astronaut from launch vehicle failures Launch Escape System was also designed.
•The LES consisted of a solid fuel, 52,000 lbf with a thrust rocket on top of a tower above the spacecraft.
•It was so programmed that in case of a launch abort, the LES would fire for 1 second and drags the Mercury spacecraft and the astronaut away from a defective launch vehicle.
•The spacecraft can now come down on the parachute recovery system. After booster engine cutoff (BECO), the LES was separated from the spacecraft by a thrust jettison rocket. The whole Mercury program cost around $2.7 billion dollars.

First Success

•The first Americans to go to space were military pilots.
•They were selected on the basis of their flight test experience and certain physical requirements.
•Seven pilots were chosen to become astronauts in April 1959.
•The astronauts named their own spacecraft and added "7" to the name to recognize the teamwork of their fellow astronauts.

Mercury astronaut

•Mercury had seven leading astronauts.
•All of them were ex- military test pilots, so the program was known as the Mercury Seven.
•NASA selected these astronauts on April 9, 1959:
•Malcolm Scott Carpenter, USN
•Leroy Gordon "Gordo" Cooper, Jr., USAF
•John Herschel Glenn, Jr., USMC. (First American to orbit the earth.)
•Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom, USAF
•Walter Marty "Wally" Schirra, Jr., USN
•Alan Bartlett Shepard, Jr., USN (First American in space.)
•Donald Kent "Deke" Slayton, USAF (Came back in 1962 due to irregular heartbeat)

Training of Mercury Astronauts

•The Mercury astronauts were trained at NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.
•The training was headed by Flight Surgeon William K. Douglas and Keith G. Lindell (COL, USAF).
•Most of the bridges throughout the city have engraved the name of the Mercury astronauts.
•U.S. Route 258, a major is named Mercury Boulevard in the honor of the Mercury program.

More tale

•The names of these Mercury astronauts are also commemorated in the popular 1960s TV show “Thunderbirds.”
•The Randall Model 17 Knife "Astro" was also designed for the Mercury astronauts. The final design was done by Gordon Cooper.
•These knives were never supplied by NASA to the Mercury astronauts.

Mercury Porgram boosters

•The Mercury program used three boosters: Little Joe: 2 flights carried monkeys.
•Launch escape system were tested with this booster.
•Redstone: 1 flight carried chimpanzee. Atlas 1 flight carried chimpanzee.
•Little Joe booster was used to test the escape tower and abort procedures.
•Redstone booster was used for suborbital flights and Atlas booster was used for orbital flights.
•In 1958, Jupiter missiles were taken as launch vehicles for the Mercury program but were later cut from the program due to budget limitations.
•The Atlas boosters required extra power to handle the heavy weight of the Mercury capsules as they were designed to carry warheads.
•Little Joe was a strong propellant booster. It was designed specially for the Mercury program.




Labels:

Tuesday, July 22, 2008

Women rights, National Organization for Women, What are Women rights, Reproductive rights, Reproductive rights Organizations

What is Women rights?

A women right means the freedom constitutionally possessed by females of the society. Women rights include girls, young ladies as well as old women.

As per Women rights

•This liberty provided cannot be curbed or ignored by law, custom, and males in a particular society.
•The efforts to improve the status of women were laid down during the reforms under Islam.
•As per the reforms, women should be given greater rights in marriage, divorce and inheritance.
•The Oxford Dictionary of Islam has published that the improvement of the status of Arab women means the prohibition of female infanticide and acknowledging women's full personhood.
•It has been stated explicitly that “The dowry, previously regarded as a bride-price paid to the father, became a nuptial gift retained by the wife as part of her personal property."

Reformation

•The time period of Reformation in Europe in the 16th century proved a boon for women enlistment.
•It paved the way for more women to add their voices, including the renowned writers Jane Anger, Aemilia Lanyer, and the prophetess Anna Trapnell.
•Queen Elizabeth played a major role following leadership amongst women, and consequently became a role model for the education of women.
•The eighteenth century was the “Age of Enlightenment.”
•The age was characterized by secular way of thinking, and a blossoming of idealistic writing.
•The most significant writer of the time was Mary Wollstonecraft.
•She is often called as the first feminist philosopher.
•Wollstonecraft put forward that it was the education and upbringing of women that created limited expectations.
•Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht was writing in Sweden, and contributed in the finding the first scientific society for women.
•In Middleburg, Holland it was the Natuurkundig Genootschap der Dames upgraded the conditions for women better survival.Deborah Crocker and Sethanne Howard take out Journals for women which focused on science.
•During the previous decades women's rights remained an important concern, especially in the English countries.
•During 1960s the movement was called “women's liberation.”
•Revolutionists demanded the same pay as men, equal rights in law, and the freedom to plan their families.
•Their efforts were partially successful.

National Organization for Women (NOW)

•In USA the “National Organization for Women” (NOW) was formed in 1966.
•It was aimed at bringing equality for women. NOW was one important organization that fought for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).
•This amendment declares “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of sex.”
•But there was some dispute on how the proposed amendment would be understood. Some believed it would guarantee women equal treatment.
•But some doubted that it would restrict the women right to be financially supported by their husbands.
•The amendment died in the year 1982.

20th century movement

•In the early 20th century, Western women discovered freedom through birth control.
•It empowered women to plan their future and could step into career as well as family.
•The movement was started in the 1910 by US social reformer Margaret Sanger.
•It was canvassed in United Kingdom and internationally by Marie Stopes.
•In 1946, United Nations formed a Commission on the Status of Women.
•It is now part of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

Steps of UN

•The UN has organized many world conferences on women's issues.
•It started with the World Conference in Mexico City.
•These conferences created an international forum for women's rights, but also lead to the divisions between women of different cultures and the difficulties in implementation.
•The 1985 Nairobi conference stated that women liberation "constitutes the political expression of the concerns and interests of women from different regions, classes, nationalities, and ethnic backgrounds.
•There is and must be a diversity of feminisms, responsive to the different needs and concerns of women, and defined by them for themselves”.

Reproductive rights

•Reproductive rights are rights relating to sexual reproduction.
•The idea of the right first came at the United Nation's 1968 International Conference on Human Rights.
•The sixteenth article of the Proclamation of Teheran declares, "Parents have a basic human right to determine freely and responsibly the number and the spacing of their children."
•Consequently, reproductive rights are established as human rights in international human rights documents.





Labels:

Monday, July 21, 2008

EVENTS: National Lollipop Day (20th July), History, National Lollipop Day Celebrations, How to Make & Varieties of Lollipops

When National Lollipop Day is celebrated

The National Lollipop Day is celebrated on July 20th every year.

How can National Lollipop Day be celebrated?

•So National Lollipop Day is to go out, have fun and enjoy the especially made lollipops on the day.
•The manufacturers start preparing for Lollipop Day in advance.
•Different colors, shapes and flavors of the lollipops are manufactured to celebrate the Lollipop Day.
•Variety of attractive gift packs of lollipops is available.
•Lollipop Day is extremely enjoyable for the kids.
•They are not restricted to have dozens of palate tickling lollipops on the day.

History of Lollipop day

•There are many stories about the invention of lollipop.
•George Smith declared to be the first to originate the modern lollipop in 1908.
•George Smith thought of putting hard candies on a stick to make them easier to eat. George Smith named the discovered delight after his favorite racing horse, Lolly Pop. The name and later became the trademark.
•Racine Confectioners Machinery Co. created a machine to automate the lollipop making process.
•The machine could make 40 lollipops per minute.
•So, the manufacturing company claims credit for inventing the first lollipop machine.
•However some also say that Samuel Born, was the first to automate the lollipop-making process.
•Lollipop manufacturing developed in California and Samuel Born invented the “Born Sucker machine” in 1916.
•This machine had the ability to automatically insert the stick to the candy, which augmented the popularity of the confection.
•Gradually lollipops developed into different looks, flavors and colors.

Myths and facts about lollipop

•Previously, the lollipop was a traditional hard candy on a stick or a hard candy on a ring.
•It contained bubble gum or chocolate in the center to enhance the taste.
•Sometimes the lollipop used to spin or glow.
•But the fact is whether traditional or novel, the lollipop is very favorite item for almost all candy lovers.

Process of making lollipop

•The lollipop manufacturing process is not very typical.
•Candy is made by mixing heated sugar and corn syrup.
•After cooking colors and flavors are added.
•The mixture then goes to a machine that forms the head of the lollipop and inserts the stick.
•Machine can be preset to form a desired shape of the lollipop.
•Then the lollipops are cooled.
•Finally, it is packed in attractive wrappers and shipped.

Variety of Lollipops

•Tootsie Pops are the largest Selling lollipops.
•Tootsie Pops are homegrown and manufactured in Chicago.
•The production of over 20million lollipops is done each day by the manufacturers.
•It meets the demand of millions of people around the world thus listing
•Tootsie Pop is world the largest lollipop producer.
•Many scientists were involved in studing this pop at Purdue University, Yale, Cornell University, University of Michigan.
•They were reasearching, to conclude how many licks it takes to get to the center of a Tootsie Pop.
•Tootsie Pops does not contain fats and has only 60 calories.
•Some of the lollipops in the Tootsie family:
  • Tootsie Pops
  • Valentine's Pops
  • Halloween Pops
  • Santa Pops
  • Tootsie Pop Miniatures
  • Blow Pops
  • Carmel Apple Pops
  • Charms Flat Pops.


Labels:

Friday, July 18, 2008

The Hollywood Sign, History of Hollywood Sign, Measurements, Today Hollywood Sign

The Hollywood Sign originally said "Hollywoodland" before it was shortened in 1945. The Hollywood Sign is the most famous sign in the world. It is located on Mount Lee in Griffith Park overlooking Hollywood. It is illegal to hike to the Hollywood Sign. There are many good vantage points from the streets of Hollywood. The Sign is a trademark of the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Any commercial usage of the Sign requires the approval of the Chamber.

The Hollywood Sign: History

The Sign was built in 1923 to interpret Hollywoodland, as a advertising trick to uphold sales of homes in a part by the same name along Beachwood Canyon. Original expenditure was $21,000. Alphabets were 30 feet wide and 50 feet high, and were studded with low wattage light bulbs, 4,000 on the whole. The Sign was likely to last a year and a half. Safeguarding of the Sign was discontinued in 1939.
Late in 1944, the M. H. Sherman Company, developers of the Hollywoodlands, gave up claimed to the City of Los Angeles about 455 acres of land adjacent Griffith Park, which property included the Sign. In 1949, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce entered into a contract with the Department of Recreation and Parks to revamp and reconstruct the Sign and to get rid of "land" so that it would spell HOLLYWOOD. The cost was expected to be $4,000. The light bulbs had long before been stolen, and the City predetermined that any new lighting would be at the cost of the Chamber. The Sign was affirmed Los Angeles Cultural-Historical Monument #111 in 1973 by the Cultural Heritage Board of the City of Los Angeles. A fund raising movement was launched in April of 1978 by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce to rebuild the Sign after it had badly depreciated. Donors made a payment $27,700 each to buy a substitute letter. Job to recreate the Sign commenced in August of 1978 and was ended by November. Pacific Outdoor Advertising Company, in combination with Hughes Helicopters and Heath Sign Company, knocked down the leftovers of the old Sign and set up new all steel letters in its position. The Sign at the present stretches 450 feet across the side of Mount Lee, and is still 50 feet tall. It weighs 450,000 pounds. The innovative Hollywood Sign was unveiled live on November 14, 1978, on Hollywood's 75th anniversary,
Before a television viewers of 60 million. Primary accountability for the maintenance and protection of the Sign rests with the Hollywood Sign Trust. The trustees are named by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and the City of Los Angeles.

The Hollywood Sign: Measurement

H - 45' high by 33' 6" wide
O - 45' high by 33' wide
L - 45' high by 31' wide
L - 45' high by 31' wide
Y - 45' high by 35' wide
W - 45' high by 39' 9" wide
O - 45' high by 39' 9" wide
O - 45' high by 39' 9" wide
D - 45' high by 33' wide

Each letters thickness differs:

9 ft. at the apex and base of the Os and D. 10 ft. at the cross slab of the H, the flat bars of the Ls. 11 ft. at the perpendicular sections of the H, Os, Ls, and D. The Y is 11 ft. at the top twigs, but the base is 13 ft. The W is also complex. The top points are 11 ft., 5 ft. 6 inches, and 8 ft. 9 inches broad from left to right, and the bases are 6 ft. 6 inches and 6 ft. (left to right).

The Hollywood Sign: Today

Balanced and refined for this millennium, the Hollywood Sign go on with to stimulating moviemakers and admirers around the world, while playing a very important function in keeping the town on the map at the hub of the global entertainment industry. Through the years – from its flamboyant real estate billboard roots, to its extended ignore and decay, to its present standing as a admired international attraction – the Sign has came into sight more emblematically influential than ever, conjuring an ever-expanding display of descriptions, desires and ideas with just nine simple letters.

Labels:

Wednesday, July 16, 2008

French Revolution (1789-1799), Causes of French Revolution, French Revolution History, Social Causes, Economic Causes, Religious Causes

French Revolution brought about immense transformation in the general public and government of France. The revolution, which lasted from 1789 to 1799, also had far-reaching impacts on the rest of Europe. It pioneered egalitarian principles to France but did not make the nation a democratic state. Nevertheless, it ended absolute statute of the French kings and reinforced the strength of the middle class. After the revolution began, no European kings, nobles, or other privileged groups could ever again take their authority for granted or pay no attention to the principles of autonomy and equality.

Causes of the French Revolution

Different communal, political, and financial circumstances led to the revolution in France. These conditions included much disappointment among the lower and middle classes, notice in new ideas about government, and fiscal inconvenience caused by the costs of wars.

Social Causes of the French Revolution

The maximum of the French community belonged to the working class whose hard earned money was being used to finance the foreign wars and the court extravagance along with being the funds with which to repay public debt. Even though on the facade of it the King had merged supreme realm which should have put a stop to feudalism, the small land owners and the peasant class were still bound to awfully unjust bonds with the feudal lords. This anxiety and irritation of the middle class was the result of the oppressive rule of the monarchist regime.

Economic Causes of the French Revolution

The cost of affording a reputable or even a constant lifestyle had shot sky high with the rise in bread cost and essential necessities. Not only this, the middle class was supposed to pay heavy taxes to fund the governments running. This clearly led to the reaction of annoyance within those who wanted a more equal system of authority in France.

Religious Causes of the French Revolution

The Christian monarchs of that time were known to be very prejudiced which resulted in the harassment of spiritual and racial minorities in France. Moreover the main beliefs of Christianity were distorted by the priests to achieve power over the people and uphold their graciousness as a result rationally straight jacketing the government. This is the only cause why the monarchist government of France was being considered as being backwards. When the ruling party is unfair and carries with it the sign of a religion then that religion gets the charge for being unfair. As a result the revolutionary movement was also seen as an anti God movement because of the deeds of the so called men of God. It is actually those people who practiced inequality under the sign of religion and wronged the people that gave origin to the atheistic character of the revolution and the deeds of the so called men of God can be observed as one of the most important causes that in the end guided to the revolt.

Revolution in Brief

The revolution commenced with a government monetary crisis but rapidly became a movement of improvement and vicious alterations. In one of the early proceedings, a crowd in Paris captured the Bastille, an imperial castle and jail, which had developed into a mark of cruelty. A sequence of chosen legislatures then took control of the government. In August 1789, the Assembly adopted the Decrees of August 4 and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The decrees put an end to some feudal dues that the peasants owed their landlords, the tax advantages of the clergy and nobles, and regional privileges. The declaration guaranteed the same fundamental rights to all citizens, including "liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression," as well as democratic government. The Assembly afterwards drafted a statute that made France a limited monarchy with a one-house legislature. Number of regions into which France was divided is 83. Each region in France was known as Departments. Each department run by councils elected by local governments. But the right to vote and hold public office was limited to citizens who paid a certain amount in taxes.

In The End

King Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette, were put to death. Many others faced the equivalent doom in a period called the Reign of Terror. The French Revolution brought France into conflict with much of Europe. The monarchs ruling the other countries panicked the spread of democratic ideals. The revolution left the French people in great disagreement about the best form of government for their country. By 1799, most were probably tired of political conflict altogether. But the revolution produced the long-lasting foundations for a united state, a strong central government, and a liberated society dominated by the middle class and the landowners.

Labels:

Tuesday, July 15, 2008

World War I (1914-1918), World War I Causes, Consequences of World War I, World War I Trenches

World War I (1914-1918) drawn in more countries and caused larger devastation than any other war excluding World War II (1939-1945). An assassin's ammunition in Austria-Hungary ignited the war, and an organization of military alliances plunged the major European powers into the clash. Each side expected immediate triumph. But the war lasted four years and took the lives of 10 millions soldiers.

World War I Causes

World War I is actually much more complex than an easy list of grounds. While there was a sequence of proceedings that directly led to the fighting, the actual root causes are much deeper and part of continued debate and discussion. World War I has the most popular reasons to occur that are overviewed at the bottom.

1. SYETEM OF MILITARY ALLIANCES

Over time, nations all through Europe made joint defence unions that would drag them into clash. Thus, if one country was attacked, associated countries were bound to protect it. Austria-Hungary affirmed war on Serbia, Russia got drawn in to defend Serbia. Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia. France was then drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany assaulted France through Belgium pulling Britain into war. Then Japan entered the war. Later, Italy and the United States would enter on the side of the allies.

2. IMPERIALISM OR FIGHT FOR COLONIES

Imperialism is when a country amplifies their supremacy and wealth by bringing additional province under their control. Before World War I, Africa and parts of Asia were points of disagreement amongst the European countries. This was particularly proper because of the raw materials these regions could supply. The increasing rivalry and craving for greater empires led to an increase in conflict that helped push the world into World War I.

3. MILITARISM

As the world entered the 20th century, an arms contest had begun. By 1914, Germany had the maximum boost in military build up. Great Britain and Germany both greatly increased their armada during this time phase. Further, in Germany and Russia particularly, the military establishment began to have a greater influence on public policy. This increase in militarism assisted in pushing the countries involved to war.

4. NATIONALISM

The real incident that led directly to World War I was originated from certain Slavic peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina who wanted to gain no longer is a part of Austria- Hungary but instead be part of Serbia. Thus patriotism led openly to the War. But in a more broad way, the nationalism of the various countries throughout Europe contributed not only to the beginning but the addition of the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove their domination and power.

5. Immediate Cause: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The instant cause of World War I that made all the aforesaid stuff come into play was the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated him and his wife while they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia which was part of Austria-Hungary. This was in remonstration to Austria-Hungary having control of this province. Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia and Herzegovina. This assassination guided Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. When Russia began to mobilize due to its alliance with Serbia, Germany affirmed war on Russia.

The World War I in Brief

Germany won early victories in World War I on the main European battlefronts. On the Western Front, France and the UK halted the German move on in September 1914. The conflicting armies then fought from ditches that stretched across Belgium and north-eastern France. The Western Front barely moved for 3.5 years in spite of brutal combat. On the Eastern Front, Russia battled with Germany and Austria-Hungary. The fighting oscillated back and forth until 1917, when a revolution broke out in Russia. Russia soon asked for a treaty.

The United States remained unbiased initially. But many Americans turned against the Central Powers after German submarines began sinking defenceless ships. In 1917, the United States joined the Allies. U.S troops gave the Allies the manpower they needed to win the war. In the autumn of 1918, the Central Powers surrendered.

Consequences of World War I

World War I caused vast demolition. Nearly 10 million soldiers died as a result of the war and about 21 million men were injured. The extremely high fatalities resulted partly from the destructive powers of new weapons, especially the tanks and the machine gun.
World War I cost the fighting nations a total of about 337 billion U.S. dollars. By 1918, the war was costing about 10 million an hour. Nations raised part of the money to pay for the war through taxes. But most of the money came from borrowing, which created massive debts.


Labels:

Thursday, July 10, 2008

EVENTS: World Population Day (11th July), History of World Population Day, Population Structure, World Population Number

World Population Day celebrates on the day of 11th July. The United States excel a highlight with the World Population on the exceptional challenge faced through the growing defenses of young citizens. About 3 billion peoples, or almost half world’s population, are considered below the period of 25.
United Nations Population finance’s member Rogelio Fernandez declares that this is the significant moment for politician to endow in the opportunities of youth in upwarding countries.

The population structure:

“The population organization is altering in a numerous way that various young people coming into prolific ages, trade markets are continuously growing while various needy people and mainly children under 15 are declining, Rogelio Fernandez Castilla said. “So that create a window of chance where speculation to increase the human assets and spend in increasing the effort, efficiency is going to produce tremendous returns.”
Whereas World Population Day may look light in the comparison to additional holidays. United Nations’ Statistics reveal that we often ignore population matter at our own risk. While family unit are having many children at present they did in the year of 1960s. In the pitiable countries, lushness remains high. About 350 million pairs do not have any knowledge about family unit planning services.

Cause of Increase Population:

Half of the world’s populations are below the age of 25. In 57 increasing countries, above 40 percent of the inhabitant is considered under the age of 15. Approximately 3 billion young people and children are of reproductive age.
In spite of becoming later marriage in a lot of countries, about 82 million girls who are about 10 to 17 years, marry before the age of 18.
Pregnancy is the main reason of death for young girls aged 15 to 19 years worldwide. Complications of childbirth and risky abortion are the major factors.
Linkages among poverty, population and prolonging developments create population a worldwide consideration.
There are lacks of condition of reproductive services in growing countries which effects whole world. We‘ll not have to wait too long to see the results of population dynamic.

Some predictions about populations:

In future till October, the US will happen to be a nation of about 300 million American people. Approximately 2040 the population will expand till 400 million. Mainly for its olden times, the US has connected population intensification with cultural and economic authority. To remain worldwide spirited, countries need employees and employees support the matured during the taxes they disburse.

United Nations Fund Population Assistance
:

In spite of the urgent requirement for worldwide reproductive and family unit planning programs, the Bush management remains opposed to financial support in these programs, persuaded that in the upwarding world, contraceptives and sex education for young people are the best guidance to “amorality” and promiscuity. The Bush management has constantly withdrawn donations to the United Nations Fund Population (UNFPA), world’s leading joint society on population. The UNFPA is famous international supporter for reproductive fitness and rights, together with the right to select the digits, timing and gapping of one’s children. The UNFPA assists countries in using facts for policies and series to deal with the complex connections among poverty, dynamics and prolonging development.

Awareness
Mr. Fernandez Castilla speaks about the chances fronted by expansion of the prolific sector are raged in various countries by the escalating extend of HIV/AIDS, mainly in Africa. Again he speaks about World Population Day actions are meant at lifting awareness concerning HIV/AIDS.
He said “one of the highest pressures in Africa that many societies are facing the disease of HIV/AIDS,” “if World Population Day helps to produce higher consciousness and encourage the young people that there are many ways to defend themselves from this disease that will be an optimistic result of World Population Day.”

Supremacy of the United States:

Most prominently to the sustained preeminence of the United States, the country at the peak of the writer’s list is the frequently declared as America’s head competitor for world supremacy- China. Although having one child per pair plan has done: the state’s delivery rate has submerged.

Labels:

Wednesday, July 9, 2008

EVENTS: Zachary Taylor Twelfth President of USA, Biography of Zachary Taylor on Personal Life, Political Career.

Zachary Taylor was the twelfth president of U.S.A. Before that he was a soldier who fought for slavery as well as for his nation.

Zachary Taylor childhood

Zachary Taylor was born in orange country, Virginia on 24 November 1784. His father Colonel Richard Lee Taylor and mother Sarah Strother had nine children. Zachary was their third child. His family shifted to Kentucky near Louisville when he was eight month old. His family did agriculture work for their living. He got only fundamental education in the age of 18. He earned fame when he made a record by swim from the Ohino River to the Indian Ocean and come back by the same route.

Zachary Taylor married life

Zachary Taylor met his wife Margaret in early on 1810 and got married on 21st June 1810.Both they had six children five daughter and one son

•Ann Mackall Taylor (9April , 1811) , Sarah Knox "Knoxie" Taylor (6March , 1814)
•Octavia Pannill Taylor (16August ,1816)
•Mary Smith Taylor (27thJuly , 1819 )
•Their two kids died in childhood.

War fought by Zachary Taylor

1) Zachary Taylor joined U.S.army and became first lieutenant of the 7th infantry company. He was prepared to take control of the Battle of Fort Harrison into west of Territory. He became captain in 1810. The Battle of Fort Harrison has been known as "first American land victory of the battle of 1812”. He was sponsored to lieutenant colonel on20th April , 1819, and colonel on 5April , 1832.
2) Black Hawk War (May-August 1832)
3) The Second Seminole War (1835-1842).

The Hero- for the period of the Seminole battle, Taylor got an endorsement to brigadier general in January, 1838. After that he called by his pet name "Old Rough and Ready" He got the rank of powerful general of U.S. forces in Florida. James K. Polk the President forced Congress to declare war against México. After it they attacked Taylor’s troops at Rio Grande in 1846, here Taylor won Buena Vista and Monterrey wars. he became a nationalized hero.

Zachary Taylor political life and work in favor of mankind

In 1848 election he was elected by the wing party he beated Lewis Cass earlier president and the third party applicant name - Martin van buren.

The Whigs elected him to fight against the independent candidate, Lewis Cass. Taylor was against bondage labor and northerners were with him in this mission. their votes help Taylor in winning the election. That time people decided if they are with slavery or not, to finish this argument over bondage labor Taylor advised pioneer in cities -New Mexico and California, to plan constitutions and relation for statehood, avoiding the suspicious point. Southerners were angry, because state government was not expected to allow slavery; leaders of the congress party were distressed, as they thought the President will take over their policies which they had made in their favor.

Taylor's solution overlooked a number of delicate surface topics: the northern hate of the striver marketplace working in the area of Columbia; and southern stress for a harsher escapee slave law. President Zachary Taylor had apprehended an aggressive discussion with leaders of the South America in February 1850 who threatened to dissolve the session. He informed them that “if required to implement the rules, he in person would direct the Army”. Taylor said to those persons who were supporting slavery that "taken in rebellion against the Union, he would hang ... with less reluctance than he had hanged deserters and spies in Mexico.”


His Tragic end-July 4, 1850 he was in Washington for Independence Day celebrations where he ate cherries with ice milk which was not suited his health and he died on the spot. He was of 65 years at that time. On 5thJuly, after five days of his death the reason was found as gastroenteritis. The writer Michael Parenti wrote a section in his book “History as Mystery year 1999’’ and it was also called "The Strange Death of Zachary Taylor"
The Taylor Cabinet
OfficeNameTerm
PresidentZachary Taylor1849 – 1850
Vice PresidentMillard Fillmore1849 – 1850
Secretary of StateJohn M. Clayton1849 – 1850
Secretary of TreasuryWilliam M. Meredith1849 – 1850
Secretary of WarGeorge W. Crawford1849 – 1850
Attorney GeneralReverdy Johnson1849 – 1850
Postmaster GeneralJacob Collamer1849 – 1850
Secretary of the NavyWilliam B. Preston1849 – 1850
Secretary of the InteriorThomas Ewing, Sr.1849 – 1850

Labels:

EVENTS: Lambeth Bridge – Importance Facts of Lambeth Bridge, Construction, History of Lambeth Bridge.

Lambeth bridge is situated in London city on the banks of the Thames river. Bridge is a link between two cities-Lambeth and Westminster. Convenience of the bridge makes life of the people living in these two cities interconnected.

HOW AND WHY THE BRIDGE BUILT:

Lambeth Bridge is situated on the place on an earliest land point that was in use as far back as the 13th century. Landing point was used to be given the king on state event or the ritual occasion by the imperial families. In 1664 consent to build the actual bridge connecting Lambeth and Westminster was initially required by the assembly and a bill was passed for it. Because before that, to connect these two cities the only way was ship .The ship sank many times. Two such incidents were - first in 1633 ship of Archbishop Laud’s, & in 1656 Oliver Cromwell's both ships sank in the river. The proposal of the bridge was opposed by Archbishop because the ferry (ship) worked among these two (Lambeth and west Minster) was managed by them. The approval for building the Lambeth Bridge came in 1809. But there was an inadequate fund to construct it so it seems that bill will finally failed. But in 1860 another bill was passed and adequate funds was arranged to construct the bridge a company. P.W. Barlow designed it and again opened it in 1862.


PROBLEM WITH THE BRIDGE

In the beginning The Bridge charged a tax. Those were eliminated in 1879. But one problem raised as it had rusted and became risky. Maintenance had carried in 1887.After five years resolution to reconstruct the bridge was made but that was also a fail. Weight limit on means of transportation was imposed in 1905, the same time as gates were put up at both ends to control the number of pedestrians. But all in vain and after some years the bridge was banned to vehicles overall.

Construction of the new bridge:

In 1929 an impermanent bridge was build to cross the river and the repair work was started. Bridge was planned by engineer George Humphreys and Dorman Long built it. This latest link was geared up of steel and unbreakable material, with elegant granite facings. Now it was 60ft wide 776 ft long with a middle width of 165 ft. at first, decoration was limited to the parapets and light standards, but in 1932 when it was to be inaugurated by King George V and Queen Mary on 19July, some more decoration was done in order to give bridge beautiful look. This work symbolized Friendship and generosity. To commemorate its closeness to the Houses of assembly, Bridge is highlighted red as the color of the parliament was also red.


SOME MORE INTERESTING FACTS-

The four lanes traffic became three lane one lane for buses, they takes northwards a roundabout for going Lambeth Palace this round about is on Milbank road and it joins here with Horse ferry Road this road’s name reminds earlier way of the river crossing ferry (ship) .John Tradescant the man who first grown pineapple in Britain, a tribute was given to him by surmounted artificial pineapples on each side of the crossing

How some inflectional persons linked with Lambeth the place where bridge is situated -

• Edward Thomas monumental record refer that he was born here.
• Scott Parker a football player born here
• A devout, poet , artist name-William Blake
• Scott Parker - professional footballer for West Ham United FC, born in Lambeth
• William Blake - religious visionary, poet and artist
• Carl McCoy - front man for gothic rock band Fields of the Nehalem, born here in 1963
• Carl Mc Coy a band man of Gothic Rock born in 1963
• Edward Thomas the poet
• Royal Dolton a pottery company was founded here
• Charlie Chaplin born in 1889 here
• Elias Ash mole an alchemist died in 1692

Bridges given view of -

• East side –1) Lambeth Palace, 2) Albert Embankment, 3) St. Thomas' Hospital 3) International Maritime Organization
• West side-1) Thames House 2) Abel House 3) Milbank Tower 4) Tate Britain
• In north Westminster’s palace ,Horse ferry road
• Victoria gardens, The house of parliament

In Hollywood –

In the movie Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban there was a scene in which the Knight Bus passes in middle of two Route masters on the bridge.

Labels:

Friday, July 4, 2008

EVENTS: National Apple Turnover Day (5th July), Celebrations of National Apple Turnover Day, National Food Holidays

When is National Apple Turnover Day celebrated?

July 5 is celebrated as the National Apple Turnover Day in The world.

How is National Apple Turnover Day celebrated?

•National Apple Turnover Day is celebrated with variety of recipe preparations of Apple.
•There are get-togethers and competitions held to celebrate the day.
•The ethnic diversity of the United States presents an extensive and delicious array of unique American foods on the day.
•Almost all the months have days, proclaimed as National Food holidays.
•Most of the states in United States have also officially recognized food symbols.

Most challenging recipe

•National Apple Turnover Day is a challenging day for all the chefs and cooks in America.
•With apple turnovers, the most challenging task is the method of preparing the pastry crust.
•If a readymade puff pastry which is frozen in condition is used, then the apple turnovers look pretty.
•If a butter crust made in home is used, which is simple to make, pastry taste becomes wonderful.
•It may be with flakes, but it may not be stuffed with layers to make it puffy.
•Sometimes people use their own homemade puff pastry dough.
•It requires skills and methods and it is not as easy like pie dough which is made in home, but one genuinely lip-smacking pastry when it gets prepared.
•One can choose either pie crust which is made with butter at home, or a puff pastry sheet which is frozen to make apple turnovers.
•But it is believed that the butter crust which is made at home is more useful in compare to the puff pastry which is frozen, though it is comparatively more time taking.
•The center of the apple turnovers are made up of apples, apple sauce, walnuts, dried currants, cinnamon and a little sugar vanilla and many other ingredients as per the taste can be used.

When is apple turnover served?

•Apple turnovers may be served in snacks, breakfast, or school lunch programs.
•The optimal quality apple turnovers are stored frozen and never refrigerated.
•Apple turnovers can be stored frozen for up to six months.
•But the apple turnovers have a 4 day shelf life.
•So apple turnovers are the best if used within six months of production.

Preservation of apple turnover

•There are many important measures while preservation and distribution, if not taken care of, can shorten the useful life of a product of apple turnover, such as improper handling and inadequate storage temperatures.
•The inventory control method of “first-in-first-out” should be followed properly by the organization responsible for managing commodity inventories and distribution to the State and local level.
•Products kept past the “Best If used by” dates are not always spoiled.
•Food products may also be consumed after the “Best If Used By” date if the product has been properly stored and handled, and the primary container is in good condition.

Labels:

Thursday, July 3, 2008

EVENTS: World Zoonosis Day (6th July), History of World Zoonosis Day, Facts of Zoonosis Day, GSPCA Organization

What is Zoonosis?

•Zoonosis is an ailment that is transmitted from animals to human beings.

When is World Zoonosis Day celebrated?

•World Zoonoses Day is observed on July 6 every year to emphasize and bring the problem awareness amongst people, and teach them to take right action.

Importance of World Zoonoses Day

•The most prevalent of such diseases these days are leptospirosis, and "mad cow disease". But rabies is the deadliest of all.
•So World Zoonoses Day becomes essential to have oneself and one's pets vaccinated against these deadly diseases.
•All animals living as pets and food animals should be regularly vaccinated. World Zoonoses Day is so because even pets can prove dangerous sometimes. Secondly the meat would not be fit for consumption if the animal is not properly vaccinated.
•However, World Zoonoses Day becomes a serious issue when most people show very casual attitude towards vaccination.
•Some are fearful that it can be harmful for their health.

Initiatives from different organization

•The GSPCA, an organization concerning the issue, holds camps for vaccination at Goa.
•Its responsibility is to inoculate street dogs from the disease of rabies.
•There are many advertisements that take place in the press media with announcement of the time and venue about those camps.
•You can also volunteer your services at these camps.
•The organization encourages dog owners from the surrounding locality for the purpose of vaccination at free of cost.
•They also urge the youngsters to take initiatives to bring dogs of the neighbors to fulfill this purpose.
•The GSPCA also hold sterilization camps in areas requested and required on the Zoonoses day.
•In the year 2007, SPCA of the Goa invitation was requested by the Merces Panchayat citizens in order to solve the purpose of running a camp on vaccination against rabies at free of cost.
•They also conduct lectures in different schools.
•They imparted lectures on animal first aid and prevention of rabies.
•Citizens of the Merces Vigilant Association gave the donation for the vaccines.
•lmost 167 stay and pet dogs were immunized to fight rabies by this celebration.
•World Zoonosis Day was observed by the Animal Husbandry Department at Meharban village in Ludhiana on July 6, 2007.
•To increase awareness of zoonotic diseases is the purpose of the camp

Facts and Figures on World Zoonoses Day

•These diseases are communicated from animals to human beings due to the lack of knowledge of prevention and necessary precautions for the pets as well as stray animals.
•Nowadays, there is effective prevention through advance measures in medical science and vaccination.
•Stray Animals Committee inaugurated the campaign.
•The department also inaugurated the anti-rabies vaccination campaign for dogs, to control rabies and inform about zoonotic diseases like rabies, TB, brucellosis and worm infections.
•Rabies Control Society surveyed that almost 30,000 people in India and more than 50,000 people all over the world loose their lives every year due to zoonotic diseases like rabies and TB.
•The participation of panchayats of various villages in the campaign is considered important because their cooperation to control zoonotic diseases is really valuable.
•The illiterate majority of the village should be knowledgeable enough to minimize the death rate due to such diseases.
•Such camps are worthwhile only if the villagers and illiterate population is able to take the maximum advantage to follow preventive measures.
•The function of the zoonosis day is also organized with the help of various companies dealing in veterinary products.

Different programs on World Zoonoses Day

•On World Zoonoses Day, team of experts delivers lectures.
•They also participate in the technical-cum-interactive seminar with the dairy farmers.
•The discussion is regarding common diseases of animals, the importance of vaccination and the importance of proper sheds.
•Our farmers are probably one of the largest victims of the zoonotic diseases. So there participation in such camps becomes all the more important.
•They should be imparted knowledge to save themselves against such deadly diseases.
•Their families should be a part of such educative sessions.
•ur government should provide sufficient funds to organize such camps in every vulnerable locality.
•People should be informed of the organization of camp few days before, to have maximum participation.
•Even we can help the country by educating the servants, maids, lab ours and other unaware majority to attend such camps and follow the rules for their safety.


Labels:

Wednesday, July 2, 2008

EVENTS: World Sports Journalists Day (2nd July), Facts, History of World Sports Journalists Day, Celebrations

When World Sports Journalists Day is celebrated?

•World Sports Journalists Day is celebrated on July 2, every year.
•The year 2007 marks the 13th anniversary of World Sports Journalists Day.

Why World Sports Journalists Day celebrated?

•The occasion is celebrated to urge members of the sporting media to strive for excellence in their professional work.
•On should grab hold of every opportunity to use sport as a vehicle for world peace, and to be fair and impartial goal.
•World Sports Journalists Day is the responsibility as journalists to set an example to the world.
•A journalist can add value not only to the world of sport, but to the world at large - to culture, to peace, and to good values.

World Sports Journalists Day History of origin

•World Sports Journalists Day all started when various sports journalists assembled at a game show during the twentieth century.
•World Sports Journalists Day took place during the Olympic Games at Antwerp in the year 1920.
•The requirement and plan for uniting sports journalists from the entire globe firstly took place from this event.
•The International Sports and Press Association (AIPS), a body was established in the year 1924 while Olympic Games took place in Paris
•As that venue is the Headquarters of the Sporting Club of France.
•Main initiators were:

oFrantz Reichel
oThe Belgian Victor Boin along with their co-workers Tegner and Pozzi.
  • goal of the association is to increase the participation from different member countries in order to defend sport and the skilled interest of the members.
  • It emphasizes on strengthening the companionship, bonding and liking & disliking between sports journalists all over the globe.
  • Its effort is to provide the better working environment for the fellow members.
World Sports Journalists Day Facts and Figures

•Sport journalism has flourished as a different kind of sports activities all over the world has taken a new shape in terms of power, wealth and influence.
•Sports journalism is an integral coverage matter for every media group.
•Sports journalism involves organizations dedicated only to different sports covering dailies, like L'Equipe in France, La Gazzetta dello Sport in Italy.
•Life of sports in various Britain and American magazines like Sports Illustrated and the Sporting News, sports talk radio stations, and television channels like ESPN.
•The 1950s and 1960s saw a rapid growth in sports journalism both in the printing and the broadcasting media.
•There was development of specialist sports news and the photographic agencies.
•Through some outstanding photography media business has grow into a multi-million pound.
•Since the 1990s, the sport is growing on a rapid pace. It has become a global business and the handsome amounts of money are involved from sponsorship and in the staging of the Olympic Games and football World Cups. These events have attracted the attention of well-known investigative and skilled journalists. The nature of the relationships between the subjects of sports journalists reporting and sports journalists is very sensitive.
•Most of the countries have formed their individual national association for the sports journalists.
•The particular sport has its personal associations and clubs for specialist journalists.
•These associations are not like trades unions; rather, it sets certain goal in order keep up the exact podium of press at sports venues.
•They emphasize on better accreditation methodologies and try to maintain good standards of sports journalism.
•The Sports Journalist Association was established in the year 1948 in Britain.
•It organizes two honorable awards shows.
•One is an annual Sports Academy ceremony.
•This show hunts great performances by sportsmen and sports women of the last event
•Second is the British Sports Journalism Awards.
•Main sponsor of this event is UK Sport.
•It is presented each Year in March.
•Few reputed dailies, like The Sunday Times, started adopting the policy to hire former sports personalities to write columns in place of journalists.
•But use to work as ghost writers.
•But it could not grow much as good-will of sports journalism started falling under the category of academic scrutiny as per the parameter.
•Sports journalism in Britain has attracted different talented journalist.
•The Daily Mirror proprietor Peter Wilson, Hugh McIlvanney of Sunday Times, Ian Wooldridge of the Daily Mail and soccer writer Brian Glanville use to write for the Sunday Times, became very popular names through their instant and skilled journalistic approach for giving coverage on various memorable events like the Massacre at the Munich Olympics in 1972, Muhammad Ali's fight career, and the Heysel Stadium disaster.

Labels:

EVENTS: National Chocolate Wafer Day, World Chocolate Wafer Day Celebrations, National Chocolate Festival, Special Features

Importance of World chocolate wafer day

•Today there are world days and national days for almost everything, to strength the importance of a particular thing.
•Similarly we have a chocolate wafer day so that the chocolates prepared all over the world are not ignored.
•The day is 4th of September every year and various fun events are organized worldwide.
•One of the most planned and emphasizing fun events is the annual chocolate festival in the UK.
•National chocolate wafer day allows a chance to roll around in the chocolate pit.
•People can try some chocolate massages on National chocolate wafer day.
•One can taste and purchase various chocolate recipes and varieties on National chocolate wafer day.

Celebration Mode of World chocolate wafer day

•In the month of September, there is also an annual National Chocolate Festival in Plymouth, UK and some other cities.
•There are many sites on the internet, which are specially meant for chocolates.
•They provide interesting content for the lovers of chocolate.
•They make available various information about several kinds of chocolates, its past story and time of its origin.
•It also tells various weird things which can be done with chocolate for sheer fun.
•There is mention of different films on different types of chocolate, chocolate games, chocolate house and chocolate holiday ideas, thus increasing the traffic to the site.<