Cancer is a disease in which the abnormal growth of cells takes place. With the help of cells the organs and the tissues of the body are made and the process of dead cells replaced by the new cells is continuously going on. If the cells are produced in a large number then they form tumours. Sometimes these tumours are not very dangerous and not required any kind of treatment but the tumours called malignant tumours become dangerous and take the shape of cancer.
There are various cancer types and some of these are:
Anal Cancer:
When the malignant cells are found in the anus they form a disease called anal cancer. The different types of anal cancer are basal cell melanoma and adenocarcinoma.
Cause:
This cancer is basically occurred due to the sexual activity with more than one partner because through sexual contact different HPV virus passes from one person to another.
In some cases the smoking is also the cause of the anal cancer.
Stages and the treatment of anal cancer:
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy when given in combination proved to be the best method in the treatment of the anal cancer. The other method to cure anal cancer is surgery. The treatment of the anal cancer is different at the different stages:
a) Stage 0: At this stage with the help of the surgery the cancer can be cured.
b) Stage 1: In this stage the cancer can be cured by either giving radiotherapy or chemotherapy in combination or by the radioactive substance which surrounds the cancer to destroy it.
c) Stage 2: At this stage the cancer can be cured by either giving radiotherapy or chemotherapy in combination or by the radioactive substance which surrounds the cancer to destroy it.
d) Stage 3A and 3B: In this stage the cancer can be cured by giving radiotherapy in combination with the chemotherapy or with the help of the surgery in which the lymph nodes are removed by the radiation therapy.
Breast Cancer:
This cancer is found in females and it is a cancer of breast tissues. When the lobules are formed by the division of lobes which the breasts have then the cancer is formed which is known as the infiltrating lobe cancer.
Symptoms of breast cancer:
a) Redness in the skin of breast.
b) Nipple Inversion.
c) Breast lumps.
d) Breast discharge.
Stages and treatment:
Breast cancer is divided into the following categories:
Stage 1: At this stage the size of the tumour is not more than 2 centimeter and the cancer has not spread.
Stage 2: Stage 2 is further divided into two categories namely stage 2A and 2B.
Stage 2A: This stage is similar to the stage 1 as the size of the tumour is not more than 2 centimeter.
Stage 2B: In this stage the size of the tumour increases from 2 to 5 centimeter.
Stage 3: The third stage is further divided into three categories namely 3A, 3B AND 3C.
Stage 3A: In this stage the tumour is not seen in the breast and hence no sign of the cancer spread.
Stage 3B: At this stage the tumour is situated at the chest wall.
Stage 3C: If the cancer is at stage 3C then it can be harmful because at this stage the tumour can be of any size and can spread further from the breast to the collarbone.
Stage 4: As the cancer is harmful at stage 3C but it prove to be more harmful at stage 4 because here it starts spreading to all the body parts like liver, lungs etc.
Breast cancer can be treated with the help of four methods which are as follows:
a) Surgery: Surgery can only be done in the cases when it is the first diagnose and it also depends on the location of the tumour and its size.
b) Radiotherapy: After surgery if necessary the technique called radiotherapy is done. In this method X-rays are given to destroy the cancer cells which prevent the breast cancer coming back in the same breast.
c) Chemotherapy: It is the technique to cure breast cancer with the help of drugs.
d) Hormone-therapy: It is the technique to cure the breast cancer after surgery or radiotherapy.
Lung cancer:
The lung cancer is of two types:
a) Primary lung cancer: It is further divided into types namely small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.
b) Mesothelioma: It is the type of the cancer which covers the surface of the lungs and the lines of the chest.
Cause:
The lung cancer can be caused due to smoking, asbestos and the close contact with the chemicals like uranium, chromium and nickel.
Symptoms and treatment:
The main symptoms of lung cancer are cough, swelling in the neck, chest pain, shortness of breath etc.
It can be treated by the following ways:
a) Surgery: Surgery can only be done in the cases when it is the first diagnose and it also depends on the location of the tumour and its size.
b) Radiotherapy: After surgery if necessary the technique called radiotherapy is done. In this method X-rays are given to destroy the cancer cells.
c) Chemotherapy: It is the technique to cure breast cancer with the help of drugs.
Thyroid Cancer:
It is the gland which is situated in the neck and helps in the growth of the children. It also regulates the heart rate and helps in controlling the blood pressure because it uses iodine which helps in converting the food into energy.
The thyroid cancer is of four types:
a) Papillary cancer
b) Follicular cancer
c) Medullary cancer
d) Anaplastic cancer
Cause:
Thyroid cancer is basically found in women rather than men who undergo a radiation therapy for the treatment of acne.
Treatment:
It can be treated by the following ways:
a) Surgery: With the help of surgery the cancer can be cured and prevents to spread the other parts of the body by removing the affected are.
b) Radiotherapy: After surgery if necessary the technique called radiotherapy is done. In this method X-rays are given to destroy the cancer cells.
c) Chemotherapy: It is the technique to cure breast cancer with the help of drugs. |
